Tuesday, 17 September 2024, 9:28 PM
Site: EUPATI Open Classroom
Course: EUPATI Open Classroom (EUPATI Open Classroom)
Glossary: Glossary
E
ExcipientPharmaceutical excipients are natural or synthetic substances combined with the active substance in a dosage form. Excipients assist the drug or active substances to be better metabolised or administered. They protect, support or enhance stability or facilitate absorption of the medicine in the body. They may also assist in product identification (e.g. by colour of a tablet/capsule). |
Exclusion CriteriaExclusion criteria are characteristics that exclude people from taking part in a trial. For example, depending on the requirements of the trial, exclusion criteria might include age, gender, type or stage of disease, and the presence or absence of other medical conditions. For a trial studying an anti-venom (snake bite) medicine, some of the criteria that would exclude an individual from taking part might be: - Pregnancy - Aged under 12 or over 70 - Previously received an anti-venom medicine - Medical history includes wheezing, high blood pressure, heart disease - Known adverse reaction to adrenaline. Exclusion criteria (and inclusion criteria) are an important part of a trial protocol. If they are properly defined, exclusion and inclusion criteria will increase the chances of a trial producing reliable results. They also protect participants from harm and help avoid exploitation of vulnerable people (such as those unable to provide informed consent). The reason for choosing the exclusion criteria should be documented with the trial protocol. Exclusion of certain groups can affect how realistic it is to generalise the trial results to the relevant patient population (external validity). This should be considered by researchers when they are designing a trial, and unnecessary exclusions should be avoided. |
Exploratory trialsExploratory trials are developed to select compounds or targeted medicines or approaches based on human data rather than animal data. They are conducted early in Phase I of the clinical development process, which involve limited human exposure, have no therapeutic intent, and are not intended to define a maximum tolerated dose. |
ExtractablesCompounds that can be extracted from plastic or coatings of a container or closure system in direct contact with an active substance or medicinal product. Regulatory guidelines stipulate that an extractable profile should be determined for all materials in contact with the medicine or patient directly to ensure medicine safety. |