1. Pharmacoepidemiology

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1. Pharmacoepidemiology

1.3. Examples of pharmacoepidemiology studies that address practice-based research questions


  • Is there a relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and the metabolic syndrome? The investigators reviewed 70 abstracts and articles of case reports, retrospective database studies, retrospective clinical trials, and pharmacoepidemiology studies to find the answer to this question.[1]
  • Is the use of antidepressants associated with the risk of hip/femur fractures? A case-control study was conducted using a Dutch database to address this question.[2]
  • Do medications used to treat diabetes decrease or increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? A retrospective cohort study of diabetes patients using The Health Information Network database was conducted. [3]
  • Have medication adherence trends for cardiovascular medications improved over time? Investigators used a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries who were discharged from the hospital after their first myocardial infarction to address this question.[4]
  • How are atypical antipsychotics being used in children? A retrospective analysis of state Medicaid claims data was used.[5]


[1] Kabinoff GS, Toalson PA, Healy KM, McGuire HC, Hay DP. Metabolic issues with atypical antipsychotics in primary care: Dispelling the myths. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;5:6-14.

[2] van den Brand MWM, Samson MM, Pouwels S, et al. Use of anti-depressants and the risk of facture of the hip or femur.

Osteoporos Int. 2009;20:1705-1713.

[3] Margolis DJ,Hofstad MA, Strom BL.Association between serious ischemic cardiac outcomes and medications used to treat diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008;17(8):753-759.

[4] Choudhry NK, Setoguchi S, Levin R, Winkelmayer WC, Shrank WH. Trends in adherence to secondary prevention medications in elderly post-myocardial infarction patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008;17(12):1189-1196.

[5] Pathak P, West DS, Martin BC, Helms M, Henderson C. Evidence-based use of second-generation antipsychotics in a state Medicaid pediatric population, 2001-2005. Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61(2):123-129.